Discovery Institute: The “Federal Crime” of Questioning Darwin

August 31st, 2007 Jemmy Button

IS IT BY DESIGN, OR THROUGH CONVERGENT EVOLUTION? One way or the other, Evolution News and Views, the blogging arm of the Discovery Institute, has clearly adopted the proven survival technique of wildebeest on the Serengeti: form a herd, and stampede past the predators!

Just as the superabundance of galloping wildebeest ensures only a few are lost to the lionesses, so the sheer volume of blog pieces hurtling out of the Discovery Institute enables many otherwise unsustainable contentions amongst the galloping gallimaufry to survive and even propagate in the blogsphere. Given that most of the writers for Panda’s Thumb and other sites have day jobs actually doing science, it’s commendable that they pick off the few DI blog pieces that actually attempt to discuss a morsel of science and make thereof a reasonable snack.

So I had to count myself lucky last month when I stumbled across, at the Discovery Institute’s website, Dr. Michael Egnor’s article, Dunford, Darwinism, and the Paranoid Style, a whole herd of frantic claims limping across the virtual veldt of the internet with no visible means of support. Had the big predators somehow missed this easy meat, or simply turned up their noses at so sickly a herd? Or perhaps had even left it for an inexperienced cub such as myself to bring back alive to the lair to ‘play’ with as an induction to true hunting?

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Redheads no more…not

August 28th, 2007 RWA

There has been a lot of blogosphere buzz over this piece that originally appeared in the Australian press, about how redheads are supposedly doomed to extinction due to global gene drift. But as the redoutable Razib Khan explains here and here, the “news” is thoroughly fallacious, based on a facile misreading of the Hardy-Weinberg principle that doesn’t take into account the sort of random deviations and violations of expectation which not only disrupt the linear path which the authors have plotted, but render any accurate estimation of the “moment” of extinction implausible.
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The Other Protein Wisdom

August 19th, 2007 RWA

Not the excellent blog, but the exciting new announcement made by a team at the University of Oregon:

Scientists have determined for the first time the atomic structure of an ancient protein, revealing in unprecedented detail how genes evolved their functions.

“Never before have we seen so clearly, so far back in time,” said project leader Joe Thornton, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Oregon. “We were able to see the precise mechanisms by which evolution molded a tiny molecular machine at the atomic level, and to reconstruct the order of events by which history unfolded.”

The researchers focused on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a protein in humans and other vertebrates that allows cells to respond to the hormone cortisol, which regulates the body’s stress response. The scientists’ goal was to understand the process of evolution behind the GR’s ability to specifically interact with cortisol.

They used computational techniques and a large database of modern receptor sequences to determine the ancient GR’s gene sequence from a time just before and just after its specific relationship with cortisol evolved. The ancient genes — which existed more than 400 million years ago — were then synthesized, expressed, and their structures determined using X-ray crystallography, a state-of-the art technique that allows scientists to see the atomic architecture of a molecule. The project represents the first time the technique has been applied to an ancient protein.

The structures allowed the scientists to identify exactly how the new function evolved. They found that just seven historical mutations, when introduced into the ancestral receptor gene in the lab, recapitulated the evolution of GR’s present-day response to cortisol. They were even able to deduce the order in which these changes occurred, because some mutations caused the protein to lose its function entirely if other “permissive” changes, which otherwise had a negligible effect on the protein, were not in place first.

Ignoring the fact that x-ray crystallography is not exactly state-of-the-art (Max Von Laue won the Nobel Prize for its invention in 1914), the article does an excellent job of both explaining the work itself and its importance. Essentially, Thornton and Bridgham’s team has accomplished the biological equivalent of Wilson and Penzias’ discovery of the cosmic background radiation: they have traced the origins of life back to its original, elemental form, and “listened” to the protein “echo” to determine how successive changes arose. It’s another nail in the coffin of Irreducible Complexity, and another brick in the edifice of The Modern Synthesis of evolutionary and molecular biology.

In April 2006, a similar press release by Bridgham and Thornton’s team prompted a predictable tantrum from the Discovery Institute. We are still awaiting a similar outburst from them. In the meantime, smart people can discuss the actual science behind the news release in the Darwin Central forum.

UPDATE: Chris Street’s brand new blog offers a technical summary of the research, if you want to know the details.

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To Vouch or not to Vouch?

August 19th, 2007 RWA

One of our most recent discussions in the Darwin Central forums was about an article in Thursday’s National Post on how Quebec’s only Mennonite community, located in the small town of Roxton Falls, may move out instead of having their children attend the province’s public schools or be forced to have their private schools teach the provincially-mandated curriculum. According to community spokesman Ronald Goossen, “we don’t agree with the emphasis on evolution, which we consider false; we don’t like the morality standards; and we don’t like the acceptance of alternative lifestyles” .

Now, my own reflexive reaction was to say “this is not right”. Although Goossen does have a valid point about the sort of value judgements the public school system often imposes on students, when it comes to teaching science, there can be no compromise. You either teach the students the facts or you don’t. But as DC member Physicist noted, this particular religious community, no doubt in part because of their pacifist beliefs, are making no attempt to impose their values on others; they simply want to be able to preserve their cultural traditions by choosing the type of education they want for their children. Some creationists in both the United States and Canada are not waiting for public schools to allow for their views in the science classroom, and have taken the steps to either send their children to private schools or to homeschool them, where they are “free” of any challenges to their parent’s beliefs. It’s no wonder then that so many Evangelical Christians are in favor of private school vouchers.

As a conservative deeply concerned about science education, my views on vouchers for private schooling have shifted slightly and my views on homeschooling have shifted profoundly. Although critics of vouchers claim that they put public schools at a disadvantage, it seems to me that private schools disadvantage themselves when they don’t teach as rigorously and throughly as they should. Look at the recent controversy regarding the University of California system’s refusal to accept applicants from private Christian schools whose science curriculum did not meet the criteria for adequacy. It appears to me that even private schools will require some sort of oversight to ensure that science and other subjects are being properly taught; we may, perhaps, have to limit vouchers to those schools which meet a certain set of standards regarding teaching pedagogy. As for homeschooling, many of us here at Darwin Central have had frustrating on-line debates not just with creationist homeschoolers but homeschooled creationists, equipped with no actual scientific knowledge or reasoning skills, but who had been so skillfully brainwashed by their parents, that facts bounced off their brains like bullets off Superman’s chest. You don’t have to watch South Park to know that while homeschooled kids may be aces at spelling and other basics, their parents are more often than not ill-equipped to teach them more advanced subjects.

So to the Mennonites of Roxton Falls, and all other creationists: if you insist on having the schools your children attend teach religious myth instead of scientific fact, you may either pay for such a school out of your own pocket, or keep your children at home. But don’t expect me or anyone else to support you, and don’t be surprised if your child’s success as an adult winds up compromised by your own decisions as a parent, and if your own community further decays as a result of remaining anchored in the past.

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Antarctic Ice a Bacterial “Gene Popsicle”

August 15th, 2007 Placozoan

ANTARCTICA CONTAINS a wealth of paleontological information that is only now beginning to be collected. Some of this is hidden in rocks as fossils of plants and animals that lived there when the Antarctic continent was more temperate, but other information is found in the ice. Cores of Antarctic ice reveal climatic records for the globe in ages past. Now the Antarctic ice also yields preserved bacterial DNA hundreds of thousands to millions of years old.

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Criminalizing Creationism

August 3rd, 2007 Jemmy Button

FORMER GEOLOGIST (NOW ATTORNEY) CASEY LUSKIN, a prolific blogger for the Discovery Institute (DI) of Seattle, has sounded another clarion call against the marching jack-boots of Totalitarian Scientists in a stirring new offering, European Darwinists Attempt to Criminalize Intelligent Design as a “Threat to Human Rights”.

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